Maximum available efficiency formulation based on a black-box model of linear two-port power transfer systems

This paper describes how the port voltage and current vectors behave in linear two-port power transfer systems. We find there is an optimum set of them at which the output power reaches its highest while keeping the input power constant or vice versa. Derived maximum available efficiency formulas work with a power source having any impedance e.g. zeroor infinite-ohm. Heuristically discovered angle parameter 3 enables us to graphically predict the system’s maximum available efficiency from its port parameters i.e. matrix Y, Z, or S in 50ohm domain.